What Are the Different Types of Steel and How They Are Used?

Of the many types of metal, steel is one of the most versatile and widely used materials in industrial construction, thanks to its strength, durability, and versatility. 

Even so, not all steel used in construction and engineering is the same. Industrial applications like structural frameworks, piping, storage tanks, and conveyors often use steel, but the types, properties, and costs of each can vary quite a bit.

As an experienced steel fabrication company in Malaysia, take it from us as we explore the different types of steel and how they are used in the real world.

Carbon steel – The Most Common Type of Steel for Structural Applications

Carbon steel is the backbone of many industrial applications.

Carbon steel is made from iron and carbon, with minimal alloying elements. It is the most commonly used type of steel, known for its strength, affordability, and versatility.

It comes in three subtypes, which include:

• Low carbon steel (mild steel): Easy to shape and weld, ideal for general structural components.
• Medium carbon steel: Stronger than mild steel; used in shafts, gears, and pipelines.
• High carbon steel: Hard and wear-resistant, used in cutting tools and high-stress components.

Carbon steel is often the material of choice in structural steel fabrication due to its balance between cost and performance, commonly used in applications like:

• Structural beams and columns
• Pressure piping systems
• Storage tanks and skids
• Conveyor supports and machinery bases

Galvanized Steel – The Best Type of Steel for Outdoor Durability

Galvanized steel features a protective zinc coating that enhances corrosion resistance and durability.

Galvanized steel is a type of metal coated with a layer of zinc to prevent rust and corrosion. It is ideal for outdoor and high-humidity environments where protection from the elements is critical.

Types of Galvanized Steel:

• Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel: Provides maximum corrosion resistance for outdoor structures. 
• Pre-Galvanized (GI Sheets): Used in ducting, light covers, and non-structural parts. 
• Electro-Galvanized Steel: Smooth finish, ideal for electrical panels and decorative components. 
• Galvanneal Steel: Excellent paint adhesion, used in architectural cladding. 

It’s commonly used in applications and environments where superior corrosion resistance and long-term durability are essential, such as:

• Outdoor staircases, walkways, and platforms
• Roofing and wall cladding systems
• Conveyor structures and safety barriers

Alloy steel – A High-Performance Type of Metal for Mechanical Systems

Alloy steel boasts greater strength by alloying steel with other elements.

Alloy steel combines steel with elements like chromium, manganese, nickel, or vanadium to enhance its properties, such as improved strength, corrosion resistance, or hardness. 

Depending on its alloying elements, alloy steel can fall under two types:

• Low-Alloy Steel: Contains a small amount of alloying elements (less than 5%). Used for pipes, pressure vessels, and machinery.
• High-Alloy Steel: Contains a higher percentage of alloying elements (greater than 5%). Includes stainless steel and tool steels.

It’s commonly used in applications and environments where extra durability or wear resistance is needed, such as:

• High-strength fasteners
• Automotive and aerospace components
• Conveyor liners, wear-resistant parts and drive systems
• Gearboxes, shafts, and couplings
• Heat-resistant equipment for industrial processing

Stainless Steel – A Corrosion-Resistant Type of Steel for Hygienic and Industrial Use

One of stainless steel’s main strengths is its corrosion resistance.

Stainless steel is a type of alloy steel that primarily combines with chromium (at least 10.5%) to offer excellent resistance to rust, corrosion, and staining. It comes in different grades:

• Austenitic: High corrosion resistance, used in food-grade and chemical applications.
  • SS304: Food-safe and corrosion-resistant, widely used in tanks, piping, and kitchen equipment.
  • SS316: Marine-grade stainless steel, ideal for highly corrosive environments like seawater or chemical exposure.
  • SS310: A high-temperature resistant stainless steel, used in heat-intensive applications like furnaces and exhaust systems.

• Ferritic: Good resistance with lower cost; used in architecture and automotive applications.
  • SS430: Budget-friendly, commonly used for indoor or decorative applications such as appliances and trim.

• Martensitic (e.g., SS410, SS420): Hard and wear-resistant; used in tools and medical equipment.

Common uses:

• Water treatment systems and food processing plants
• Industrial kitchens and clean rooms
• Piping, valves, and storage tanks exposed to harsh chemicals
• Conveyor systems in sanitary environments

With its wear-resistant properties, stainless steel is often the go-to option where hygiene and corrosion control are paramount, such as in industrial projects involving storage tank construction or industrial piping.

Final Thoughts: How to Select the Right Type of Steel

Steel is a cornerstone type of metal in the construction and engineering industry, valued for its strength, versatility, and wide range of applications. But it’s not a one-size-fits-all material — steel comes in different types and grades, and proper fabrication is key to ensuring you get the most out of this material. Understanding the different types of steel and their applications helps ensure the success of your project. 

Whether you need the strength of carbon steel, the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, or the outdoor durability of galvanized steel, working with a professional steel fabricator ensures that you get the right material for the job.

If you’re looking for a trusted steel fabrication company in Malaysia with proven expertise in structural steel, look no further than SJEC. Explore our steel fabrication capabilities today to see how we help you build with confidence!

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